Hanuman (/ ˈ h ʌ n ʊ ˌ m ɑː n /; Sanskrit: हनुमान्, IAST: Hanumān), also known as Maruti, Bajrangabali, and Anjaneya, is a deity in Hinduism, revered as an avatar of Shiva, divine vanara, and a devoted companion of the deity Rama.Central to the Ramayana, Hanuman is celebrated for his unwavering devotion to Rama and is considered a chiranjivi.He is …While most icons represent him with only one head, some have six heads which reflect the legend surrounding his birth wherein he was born as six boys who were later united into one by Parvati. He is described to have ... Sri Thendayuthapani Temple is a major Hindu temple in Singapore. Murugan temples also exist in several western countries like United States …6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon’s most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. 6 days ago · The mythological Hindu epic “Ramayan,” which tells the story of Ram’s journey from prince to king, has often been adapted in popular culture. One of the most-viewed fabled shows is the TV series “Ramayan” created in the 1980s, which continues to have a faithful audience. The Manu-smriti prescribes to Hindus their dharma—i.e., that set of obligations incumbent on each as a member of one of the four social classes (varnas) and engaged in one of the four stages of life (ashramas). It contains 12 chapters of stanzas, which total 2,694. It deals with cosmogony; the definition of the dharma; the sacraments …6 days ago · FILE - Workers put up cutouts of Hindu deity Lord Ram and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to mark the opening of a grand temple for Lord Ram in Ayodhya, India, Thursday, Jan. 18, 2024. 6 days ago · FILE - Workers put up cutouts of Hindu deity Lord Ram and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to mark the opening of a grand temple for Lord Ram in Ayodhya, India, Thursday, Jan. 18, 2024. Coming ... 6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon’s most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. Hinduism - Rituals, Beliefs, Traditions: The second strand in the fabric of Hinduism is practice. Many Hindus, in fact, would place this first. Despite India’s enormous diversity, a common grammar of ritual behaviour connects various places, strata, and periods of Hindu life. While it is true that various elements of Vedic ritual survive in modern practice and thereby serve a unifying ... India’s top politicians, religious leaders and celebrities have gathered in the holy city of Ayodhya for the partial opening of a grand temple for one of Hinduism’s most revered deities, Lord Ram6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon’s most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. While most icons represent him with only one head, some have six heads which reflect the legend surrounding his birth wherein he was born as six boys who were later united into one by Parvati. He is described to have ... Sri Thendayuthapani Temple is a major Hindu temple in Singapore. Murugan temples also exist in several western countries like United States …Smriti (Sanskrit: स्मृति, IAST: Smṛti), literally "that which is remembered" are a body of Hindu texts usually attributed to an author, traditionally written down, in contrast to Śrutis (the Vedic literature) considered authorless, that were transmitted verbally across the generations and fixed. Smriti is a derivative secondary work and is considered less …The general name for God in Hinduism is Brahman. The name of the divine essence within us is Atman. They are one and the same, infinite and eternal. However, God is also present in all creation. God's manifestation in creation goes by many names. It is the one infinite, eternal, Divine Being that is manifesting in countless ways.Ganesha (Sanskrit: गणेश, IAST: Gaṇeśa), also spelled Ganesh, and also known as Ganapati, Vinayaka, and Pillaiyar, is one of the best-known and most worshipped deities in the Hindu pantheon and is the Supreme God in the Ganapatya sect. His depictions are found throughout India. Hindu denominations worship him regardless of affiliations. …6 days ago · The mythological Hindu epic “Ramayan,” which tells the story of Ram’s journey from prince to king, has often been adapted in popular culture. One of the most-viewed fabled shows is the TV series “Ramayan” created in the 1980s which continues to have a faithful audience. 6 days ago · India’s top politicians, religious leaders and celebrities are gathering in the holy city of Ayodhya for the partial opening of a grand temple for one of Hinduism’s most revered deities, Lord Ram 6 days ago · The Origin of the Caste System. Following Hindu religious theory/scripture, many people believe that these four classes originated from Brahma, the Hindu god of …Pancha Bhuta or Pancha Maha-Bhuta (Sanskrit: पञ्चभूत, पञ्चमहाभूत; IAST: Pañca-Mahā-Bhūta), five great elements, also five physical elements, is a group of five basic elements, which, according to Hinduism, is the basis of all cosmic creation.The caste system divides Hindus into four main categories - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the Shudras. Many believe that the groups originated from Brahma, the Hindu God of creation. At the ...6 days ago · India’s top politicians, religious leaders and celebrities are gathering in the holy city of Ayodhya for the partial opening of a grand temple for one of Hinduism’s most revered deities, Lord Ram The Ādityas are one of the principal deities of the Vedic classical Hinduism belonging to the solar class. In the Vedas, numerous hymns are dedicated to Mitra, Varuna, Savitr, etc. . In hymn 7.99 of the Rigveda, Indra-Vishnu produces the sun, his discus a vestige of his solar creation, equivalent to the sun. The Vishnu Purana identifies the discus Sudarshana …One notable difference between Hinduism and other major religions is that it doesn’t have a clear founder or starting point; rather, it grew and spread—possibly as early as 5500 BCE—in the Indian subcontinent and …Hinduism encourages devotees to describe and develop a personal relationship with their chosen deity (ishta devata) in the form of a god or goddess. While some censuse s hold worshippers of one form or another of Vishnu to be 80% and those of Shiva and Shakti the remaining 20%, such figures are perhaps misleading.One central idea was hindutva (hindu-ness), coined by V.D. Savarkar to refer to a socio-political force that could unite Hindus against 'threatening others'.Vishnu (/ ˈ v ɪ ʃ n uː / VISH-noo; Sanskrit: विष्णु, lit. 'The Pervader', IAST: Viṣṇu, pronounced), also known as Narayana and Hari, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism.He is the supreme being within Vaishnavism, one of the major traditions within contemporary Hinduism.. Vishnu is known as The Preserver within the Trimurti, the …The Bhagavad Gita (‘the Gita’) is one of the most recognised and revered Hindu scriptures across the globe. Though often read and taught as a stand-alone civilisational text embodying the essence of Hindu religious teachings, it is, in fact, a brief tract of 700 verses extracted from Bhishma Parva, one of the 18 books that make up the …Doctrine. The first of the five strands of Hinduism is doctrine, as expressed in a vast textual tradition anchored to the Veda (“Knowledge”), the oldest core of Hindu religious …6 days ago · India’s top politicians, religious leaders and celebrities have gathered in the holy city of Ayodhya for the partial opening of a grand temple for one of Hinduism’s most revered deities, The Ganges (Ganga) River runs through northern India and is sacred to those who follow Hinduism. More than four hundred million people in India live in the area that feeds the river, known as the Ganges River Basin. A river basin is a region that is drained by a river, such as the Ganges, and any of its tributaries. This means that …Pancha Bhuta or Pancha Maha-Bhuta (Sanskrit: पञ्चभूत, पञ्चमहाभूत; IAST: Pañca-Mahā-Bhūta), five great elements, also five physical elements, is a group of five basic elements, which, according to Hinduism, is the basis of all cosmic creation.Hinduism - Caste System, Dharma, Varna: The origin of the caste system is not known with certainty. Hindus maintain that the proliferation of the castes (jatis, literally “births”) was the result of intermarriage (which is prohibited in Hindu works on dharma), which led to the subdivision of the four classes, or varnas. Modern theorists, however, assume that …Shiva, (Sanskrit: “Auspicious One”) one of the main deities of Hinduism, whom Shaivites worship as the supreme god. Among his common epithets are Shambhu (“Benign”), Shankara (“Beneficent”), Mahesha (“Great Lord”), and Mahadeva (“Great God”). Shiva is represented in a variety of forms: in a pacific. Hinduism, Oldest of the ... In Hinduism, kama is regarded as one of the four proper and necessary objectives or goals of human life (purusharthas), the others being Dharma (virtuous, proper, moral life), Artha (material prosperity, income security, means of life) and Moksha (liberation, release, self-actualization). Relative precedence among artha and dharma. Ancient Indian literature …Hinduism - Caste System, Dharma, Varna: The origin of the caste system is not known with certainty. Hindus maintain that the proliferation of the castes (jatis, literally “births”) was the result of intermarriage (which is prohibited in Hindu works on dharma), which led to the subdivision of the four classes, or varnas. Modern theorists, however, assume that …The five tensile strands. Across the sweep of Indian religious history, at least five elements have given shape to the Hindu religious tradition: doctrine, practice, society, story, and devotion. These five elements, to adopt a typical Hindu metaphor, are understood as relating to one another as strands in an elaborate braid. The most central concept of Hindu metaphysics is Brahman or Absolute Reality. Brahman lays at the foundation of all existence. All other levels of reality have come from it and will eventually collapse back within it. Now the primary purpose of human existence is to realize the identity of the self, or truest, spiritual essence (called Atman ...One of the oldest Hindu Sanskrit inscriptions, the broken pieces of this early-1st-century BCE Hathibada Brahmi Inscription were discovered in Rajasthan. It is a dedication to deities Vāsudeva-Samkarshana (Krishna-Balarama) and mentions a stone temple. The Brahmi script for writing Sanskrit is a "modified consonant-syllabic" script. The graphic ...Jan 20, 2024 · An idol of Lord Ram, one of Hinduism’s most revered deities, will be unveiled inside the sanctum sanctorum of the temple, in a consecration ceremony conducted by …Saraswati is an important goddess in Balinese Hinduism. She shares the same attributes and iconography as Saraswati in Hindu literature of India – in both places, she is the goddess of knowledge, creative arts, wisdom, language, learning and purity. In Bali, she is celebrated on Saraswati day, one of the main festivals for Hindus in Indonesia.6 days ago · A temple to one of Hinduism's holiest deities opens in India. Here's what it means India’s top politicians, religious leaders and celebrities have gathered in the holy city of Ayodhya for the partial opening of a grand temple for one of Hinduism’s most revered deities, Lord Ram Chandra. Chandra ( Sanskrit: चन्द्र, romanized : Candra, lit. 'shining' or 'moon'), also known as Soma ( Sanskrit: सोम ), is the Hindu god of the Moon, and is associated with the night, plants and vegetation. He is one of the Navagraha (nine planets of Hinduism) and Dikpala (guardians of the directions).About 80 chartered flights have landed at the new international airport of India's holy city of Ayodhya for Monday’s partial opening of the controversial grand temple for one of Hinduism’s most revered deities, Lord Ram. Ayodhya’s airport can barely accommodate the influx of private jets. “The planes will depart after dropping guests,” airport manager …6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon’s most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. A Hindu temple (or mandir, [a] devasthana, pura, gudi, kovil' kovilamu', ambalam etc. in various languages) is a structure designed to bring Hindus and gods together through worship, sacrifice, and devotion, thought of as the house of the god to whom it is dedicated. [3] [4] The symbolism and structure of a Hindu temple are rooted in Vedic ...6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon’s most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. Hindu deities are part of Hindu mythology, both Devas and Devis feature in one of many cosmological theories in Hinduism. Characteristics of Vedic-era deities In Vedic ... However, suggests Bailey, the mythology of triad is "not the influence nor the most important one" in Hindu traditions, rather the ideologies and spiritual concepts develop on their …Hinduism - Upanishads, Vedas, Brahman: With the last component of the Vedas, the philosophically oriented and esoteric texts known as the Upanishads (traditionally “sitting near a teacher” but originally understood as “connection” or “equivalence”), Vedic ritualism and the doctrine of the interconnectedness of separate phenomena were superseded by …The most central concept of Hindu metaphysics is Brahman or Absolute Reality. Brahman lays at the foundation of all existence. All other levels of reality have come from it and will eventually collapse back within it. Now the primary purpose of human existence is to realize the identity of the self, or truest, spiritual essence (called Atman ...6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon’s most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. 6 days ago · FILE - Workers put up cutouts of Hindu deity Lord Ram and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to mark the opening of a grand temple for Lord Ram in Ayodhya, India, Thursday, Jan. 18, 2024. Shiva is a powerful Hindu deity. He has a female consort, like most of the gods, one of whose names is Parvati, "the daughter of the mountain." Shiva and Parvati may appear as a loving couple sitting together in a form called Umamaheshvara. In this example two separate bronze images have been designed as a group.Lord Mahavira, the torch-bearer of ahimsa. Ahimsa (Sanskrit: अहिंसा, IAST: ahiṃsā, lit. 'nonviolence') is the ancient Indian principle of nonviolence which applies to actions towards all living beings. It is a key virtue in Indian religions like Jainism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism.. Ahimsa is one of the cardinal virtues of Jainism, where it is the first of the …6 days ago · Ram is one of the most revered gods among India’s Hindus, who make up about 80 percent of a total population of 1.4 billion. ... Many associated the rioters with an earlier Hindu nationalist ... 6 days ago · Ranjana Agnihotri, a Modi supporter and lawyer contesting one such site in Mathura, says Hindu nationalists are focusing on a mosque there that they believe is …system finds credence in Hinduism. One’s ranking in the social caste system is dependent on one's karma, translated from Sanskrit to mean “act/ion.” For Hindus, karma originally began as a purely ritual act, which was the act of making sacrifices/offerings to the sacred fire/gods. Hinduism - Caste System, Dharma, Varna: The origin of the caste system is not known with certainty. Hindus maintain that the proliferation of the castes (jatis, literally “births”) was the result of intermarriage (which is prohibited in Hindu works on dharma), which led to the subdivision of the four classes, or varnas. Modern theorists, however, assume that …Hinduism - Global Reach, Beliefs, Practices: Since the latter part of the 19th century, large Hindu communities have been established in eastern and southern Africa (particularly in South Africa), Malaysia, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, and some islands of the West Indies. ... Belief in several deities, one of whom is deemed supreme, …6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon’s most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. 6 days ago · India’s top politicians, religious leaders and celebrities are gathering in the holy city of Ayodhya for the partial opening of a grand temple for one of Hinduism’s most revered deities, Lord Ram. Oct 26, 2022 · There are more than 1.1 billion Hindus in the world and roughly 94% of them live in India, according to Pew Research Center projections for 2020. Eight-in-ten Indians (79.8%) identify as Hindu, according to the country’s 2011 census. Far fewer Indians are of other religions, including Islam (14.2%), Christianity (2.3%) and Sikhism (1.7%). a belief in many gods, which are seen as manifestations of a single unity. These deities are linked to universal and natural processes. a preference for one deity while not excluding or disbelieving others. a belief in the universal law of cause and effect (karma) and reincarnation. a belief in the possibility of liberation and release (moksha ...6 days ago · Inside the sanctum sanctorum of the temple Monday, Modi presided over the Pran Pratishtha, or consecration ceremony, of an idol of Lord Ram, one of Hinduism’s …In Hinduism, a kalpa is equal to 4.32 billion years, a "day of Brahma" (12-hour day proper) or one thousand mahayugas, measuring the duration of the world. Each kalpa is divided into 14 manvantara periods, each lasting 71 Yuga Cycles (306,720,000 years).6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon’s most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. The caste system divides Hindus into four main categories - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the Shudras. Many believe that the groups originated from Brahma, the Hindu God of creation. At the ...Shiva is a powerful Hindu deity. He has a female consort, like most of the gods, one of whose names is Parvati, "the daughter of the mountain." Shiva and Parvati may appear as a loving couple sitting together in a form called Umamaheshvara. In this example two separate bronze images have been designed as a group.6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon's most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. 6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon’s most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. Jainism, Indian religion teaching a path to spiritual purity and enlightenment through disciplined nonviolence (ahimsa, literally “non-injury”) to all living creatures.. Overview. Along with Hinduism and Buddhism, Jainism is one of the three most ancient Indian religious traditions still in existence and an integral part of South Asian religious …The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon's most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. Millions of Hindus worship Lord Ram with an ...Vishnu (/ ˈ v ɪ ʃ n uː / VISH-noo; Sanskrit: विष्णु, lit. 'The Pervader', IAST: Viṣṇu, pronounced), also known as Narayana and Hari, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism.He is the supreme being within Vaishnavism, one of the major traditions within contemporary Hinduism.. Vishnu is known as The Preserver within the Trimurti, the …6 days ago · Why the Ayodhya temple is so special, and controversial. The new temple is no ordinary Hindu house of worship. The three-story, pink sandstone structure is built on …Doctrine. The first of the five strands of Hinduism is doctrine, as expressed in a vast textual tradition anchored to the Veda (“Knowledge”), the oldest core of Hindu religious …6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon’s most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. 6 days ago · India’s top politicians, religious leaders and celebrities have gathered in the holy city of Ayodhya for the partial opening of a grand temple for one of Hinduism’s most …6 days ago · FILE - Workers put up cutouts of Hindu deity Lord Ram and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to mark the opening of a grand temple for Lord Ram in Ayodhya, India, Thursday, Jan. 18, 2024. In Hindu cosmology, the universe is divided into the three worlds: Svarga, Bhumi or Martya (earth/mortal plane) and Patala (gross dimensions, the underworld). Patala is composed of seven realms/dimensions or lokas, the seventh and lowest of them is also called Patala or Naga-loka, the region of the Nagas. The ... By one yawn, Bala created three types of …v. t. e. Purushartha ( Sanskrit: पुरुषार्थ, IAST: Puruṣārtha) literally means "object (ive) of men". [1] It is a key concept in Hinduism, and refers to the four proper goals or aims of a human life. The four puruṣārthas are Dharma (righteousness, moral values), Artha (prosperity, economic values), Kama (pleasure, love ...Hinduism - Beliefs, Rituals, Practices: Practical Hinduism is both a quest to achieve well-being and a set of strategies for locating sources of affliction and removing or appeasing them. Characterized in this way, it has much in common with the popular beliefs and practices of many other religions. For example, Roman Catholicism as practiced in many …6 days ago · The mythological Hindu epic “Ramayan” tells the story of Ram’s journey from a prince to a king, with numerous retellings and adaptations in popular culture. The Indian TV series “Ramayan” created in the late 80’s is one of the world’s most viewed mythological shows and continues to have a faithful audience. 6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon’s most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. Hindu rituals after death, including Vedic rituals after death, are ceremonial rituals in Hinduism, one of the samskaras (rite of passage) based on Vedas and other Hindu texts, performed after the death of a human being for their moksha and consequent ascendance to Svarga (heaven). Some of these vary across the spectrum of Hindu society. …Contrary to popular understanding, Hindus recognise one God, Brahman, the eternal origin who is the cause and foundation of all existence. The gods of the Hindu faith represent different ...
Jainism (/ ˈ dʒ eɪ n ɪ z əm / JAY-niz-əm), also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion.Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of Dharma), with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, whom the tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago, the twenty …. Tyronepercent27s unblocked games moto x3m
6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon’s most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. Shaktism, worship of the Hindu goddess Shakti (Sanskrit: “Power” or “Energy”). Shaktism is, together with Vaishnavism and Shaivism, one of the major forms of modern Hinduism and is especially popular in Bengal and Assam.Shakti is conceived of either as the paramount goddess or as the consort of a male deity, generally Shiva.. …India’s top politicians, religious leaders and celebrities have gathered in the holy city of Ayodhya for the partial opening of a grand temple for one of Hinduism’s most revered deities, Lord RamThe general name for God in Hinduism is Brahman. The name of the divine essence within us is Atman. They are one and the same, infinite and eternal. However, God is also present in all creation. God's manifestation in creation goes by many names. It is the one infinite, eternal, Divine Being that is manifesting in countless ways. 6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon’s most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. Here are 5 things Christians should know about the Hindu faith:. 1. Hinduism is believed to be the world’s oldest religion and, today, is the world’s third largest religion. Many scholars believe that the roots of Hinduism can be traced back over 4,000 years, arguably making Hinduism the world’s oldest religion.Hinduism originated on the Indian …6 days ago · AYODHYA, India (AP) — About 80 chartered flights have landed at the new international airport of India's holy city of Ayodhya for Monday’s partial opening of the controversial grand temple for one of Hinduism’s most revered deities, Lord Ram. Ayodhya’s airport can barely accommodate the ... 6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon’s most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. 6 days ago · FILE - Workers put up cutouts of Hindu deity Lord Ram and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to mark the opening of a grand temple for Lord Ram in Ayodhya, India, Thursday, Jan. 18, 2024. Shaivism, organized worship of the Indian god Shiva and, with Vaishnavism and Shaktism, one of the three principal forms of modern Hinduism.Shaivism includes such diverse movements as the highly philosophical Shaiva-siddhanta, the socially distinctive Lingayat, ascetics such as the dashnami sannyasins, and innumerable folk …The three gods who started creation: Vishnu, Brahma, and Shiva are called Bhagwans (also known as Bhagavān). Yakshas are all male gods created by the three Bhagwans. The main god in Vaishnavite sect of Hinduism is Vishnu. Vishnu is revered as supreme Paramatman in Vaishnava tradition. Shiva is the Supreme, in Shaivite Traditions while in ...6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon’s most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. 6 days ago · The temple will be the sacred abode of one of the Hindu pantheon’s most popular gods Ram, who Hindus believe was born at the exact site in Ayodhya. The general name for God in Hinduism is Brahman. The name of the divine essence within us is Atman. They are one and the same, infinite and eternal. However, God is also present in all creation. God's manifestation in creation goes by many names. It is the one infinite, eternal, Divine Being that is manifesting in countless ways.The main three towers of the 9th century Prambanan Trimurti temple complex, the largest Hindu temple site in Indonesia. Temples dedicated to various permutations of the Trimurti can be seen as early as the 6th century CE, and there are still some temples today in which the Trimurti are actively worshipped. Mithrananthapuram Trimurti Temple.6 days ago · Inside the sanctum sanctorum of the temple Monday, Modi presided over the Pran Pratishtha, or consecration ceremony, of an idol of Lord Ram, one of Hinduism’s …Jatakarma. Jatakarman (IAST: Jātakarman, Sanskrit: जातकर्मन्) (literally, natal rites) is one of the major samskaras in Hinduism, that celebrates the birth of a child. [1] It is typically a private rite of passage that is observed by the new parents, relatives of the baby and close friends.Sep 4, 2011 · Sāṃkhya, Yoga and Bhedābheda Vedānta are thus regarded as an integrated whole by Vijñānabhikṣu, and although he does not use the term Hindu, this whole is the ….